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58. Introduction - Terry Janssen
59. The Role of Science and Technology in Combating CBRNE and Cyber Threats T.J. Allard

1. For the term ‘‘systems approach,’’ see http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/SYSAPPR.html .
2. Adam Dolnik, ‘‘Countering the Threat of Transport Terror,’’ IDSS Commentaries (31 March 2004).
3. See www.ieee.org/catalog/olis/compsim.html (link not current).
4. Andrew Koch with Kim Burger, J. A. C. Lewis, and Paolo Valpolini, ‘‘Homeland Security,’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly (11 September 2002).
5. Department of Defense (DOD), Operations Directorate, Joint Staff, Handbook of DOD Assets and Capabilities for Response to a Nuclear, Biological, or Chemical Incident (August 1996).

60. The Role of Technology in Improving Checkpoint Security - Mark Laustra and Fred Facemire
61. IT Architecture for Homeland Security Information Sharing - Gerald Metz

1. The 9/11 Commission Report, ch. 3, ‘‘Counterterrorism Evolves,’’ p. 88.
2. John P. Stenbit, ‘‘Department of Defense Net-Centric Data Strategy,’’ DOD CIO memorandum (9 May 2003).
3. Stevens Institute of Technology, Securing the Port of New York and New Jersey: Network-Centric Operations Applied to the Campaign against Terrorism (September 2004).
4. Sharing Information between Public Safety and Transportation Agencies for Traffic Incident Management, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 520, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. (2004).
5. Guide to the IEEE 1512TM Family of Standards, Standards Information Network, IEEE Press (April 2004).  

62. Critical Concepts for IT in Homeland Security - Don Adams

1. Commander William J. Upham, Military Medical Technology, Volume 8, Issue 4 (May 19, 2004).
2. Ibid.
3. Henry S. Kenyon, ‘‘Defense Supply System to Out-Maneuver a Flexible Enemy,’’
Signal Magazine, AFCEA Journal (February 2004).
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Donald L. Zimmerman, chief executive officer of Synergy, Inc., in George Cahlink, ‘‘Sense-and-Respond Logistics,’’ Air Force Magazine Online Volume 87, No. 11 (November 2004).

63. Needs Analysis for Information Sharing - David Kamien, Jean-Francois Cloutier, Denis Ranger
1. Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act, P.L. 108-458, 2004, Section 1016.
2. Final Report of the 9/11 Commission, p. 417.
3. IS needs evolve over time, as do various factors in homeland security, such as threats, personnel, initiatives, geopolitics, standards, and technologies.
4. For example, construction of the FBI’s Virtual Case Management System has been delayed despite available funding. See Curt Anderson, ‘‘FBI Computer Overhaul Hits Another Snag,’’ Associated Press (13 January 2004).